2022年浙江自考英语国家概况复习资料（十八）

　　Chapter 7

　　第七章

　　Government and Administration

　　英国政府机构

　　The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy， the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed， in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty‘s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution， the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law， common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.

　　联合王国是君主立宪制国家，国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君的名义，由国王或女王陛下政府治理。英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪法，英国宪法不由单一文件构成，而由成文法，习惯法和惯例组成。司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。

　　I.The Monarchy.

　　君主制.

　　1.Elizabeth II， her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth the Second， by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories， Queen， Head of the Commonwealth， Defender of the Faith.

　　伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世。”

　　2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law， She is head of the executive， an integral part of the legislature， head of the judiciary， the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.

　　女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官员。对议会通过的法案给予御准。.

　　3.The monarch actually has no real power. The monarch‘s power are limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688..

　　君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。

　　III.Parliament

　　议会

　　1.The United Kingdom is a unitary， not a federal， state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign， the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

　　英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。