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UNIT 35   THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

GLOSSARY

abundantly  ad. in more than enough quantity  充足地

alternative  n. sth. that way take the place of another thing  替代物

availability  n. obtaining 获得

commodity  n. goods； sth. sold for profit 商品

consultation  n. exchange of opinions and ideas 商量；磋商

contain  v. hold 包住，装

contribution  n. the act of giving things or money 捐献

convert  v. change from one form or state to another 变换，转换

cooperation  n. working together for a common interest 　合作

core  n. the central part　核心

emerge  v. come into being 出现

emigration  n. leaving one‘s own country in order to go and live in another 移居

endeavor  v. make an effort 努力

factor  n. element 因素

fluctuate  v. vary from one form or state to another 波动，起伏

impact  n. effect 影响

innovation  n. the introduction of sth. new 革新，创新

level off   come to a stop　停滞

merger  n. a joining of 2 or more firms， business companies， etc. 合并，联合

objective  n. purpose of a plan 目标，目的

pace  n. rate or speed of development 　（发展的）速度，节奏

predict  v. see or describe a future happening in advance 预见，预言

preserve  v. keep safe from harm or danger 保护，防护

release  v. give off 释放，放出

renewed  a. of being repeated 重新开始的；（中断之后）继续的

risky  a. full of danger 　危险的

scarcity  n. inadequate supply compared with demands 缺乏，匮乏

specify  v. mention exactly 详细介绍，详细说明

speculate  v. guess 推测，猜测

storage  n. keeping things in a place for later use 贮藏；贮存

sustain  v. support 支撑，支持

tourism  n. the business of providing tours for tourists 旅游业

trend  n. tendency 趋势，倾向

various  a. different from each other 各种各样的，各不相同的

converter  n. 变换器

dietary  a.饮食的

geothermal  a. 地热的

geyser  n. 间歇喷泉

hydrogen  n.氢

lava  n.熔岩

radiation  n.辐射

saturation  n. 饱和

solar  a. 太阳的

thermal  a.热的

uranium  n.铀

UNIT  36

THE WORLD BANK AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

GLOSSARY

adjust  v.  change slightly， esp. in order to make suitable for a particular job or new conditions  调整

appraise  v.  judge the worth， quality， or condition of  估价，评估

combine  v.  come together， unite， act together， or join together  结合，联合

concentrate  v.  （cause to）come together in or around one place  集中

contribute  v.  help in bringing about；have a share in  出一份力

cooperative  a.  make， done， or worked by people acting together  合作的

credit  n.  the sum of money placed at a person‘s disposal by a bank， etc.； advance or loan  存款；贷款

currency  n.  the particular type of money in use in a country  货币

defend  v.  keep safe from harm  防卫

deflate  v.  reduce the supply of money （of） or lower the level of  紧缩（银根）

disequilibria  n.  loss or lack of balance  失衡

envisage  v.  have picture in the mind； imagine  设想，想像

establish  v.  set up  建立

evaluate  v.  calculate the value or degree of  估价，把…定值

extreme  a.  the greatest possible  极端的

fiscal  a.  of or related to public money， taxes， debts， etc.  财政的

gallant  a.  courageous  有勇气的

imply  v.  involve the truth of  意指，暗指

institution  n.  a large society or organization  机构

invest  v.  put money into something that will increase in value  投资

lynchpin  n.  an important part  关键

mitigation  n.  lessening the seriousness of  缓解，缓和

nurture  v.  train， educate or develop  养育，培育，教养

peg  v.  fix or hold at a certain level  固定，限定

persist  v.  continue firmly  坚持

premium  n.  money paid to an insurance company  保险费

private  a.  personal； not shared with others  私人的，个人的

proceeds  n.  money gained from the sale  收入，收益

proportion  n.  a part or share  部份，份儿

sound  a.  solid and strong  坚实的，稳定的

sour  v.  turning out to be bad or wrong； disappointing  使变酸腐；使失望

speculate  v.  buy or deal in goods ， shares， etc.  投机

stable  a.  not easily  moved， upset， or changed； firm； steady  稳固的，稳定的

subscribe  v.  give money to  捐助

surplus  n.  （an amount ） additional to what is needed or use， as of money  余额

float bands  发行债券

parity  n.  平价（指官定货币汇兑比值）

softloan  n.  软币贷款

UNIT 37  COSMIC CLOSE-UPS

GLOSSARY

astronaut  n. a person who travels through space in a space vehicle 宇航员

astrophysics  n. the scientific study of the chemical nature of the stars and the natural  forces that influence them 天体物理学

billow  v. rise and roll in waves （波浪似地）翻腾

breathtaking  a. very exciting 激动人心地

capture  v. hold the interest of； captivate 引起（注意）；迷住

cataclysm  n. a violent and sudden change or event  灾变，大变动

churn  v. （cause to） more about violently 剧烈搅动

collaborate  v. work together or with someone else   协作，合作

collision  n. the action of meeting and striking （together） violently 碰撞，冲突

cosmic  a. of or related to the whole universe 宇宙的

cosmos  n. the whole universe 宇宙

crucial  a. of deciding importance 决定性的，关键的

devastate  v. destroy completely 彻底破坏

dimension  n. a measurement in any one direction 尺寸，尺度，维

distract  v. take （a person or a person‘s mind） off sth. 分散，分心

domesticate  v. make…able to live with and serve man 驯化，使归化

elliptical  a. having the shape of oval 椭圆型的

exquisite  a. very finely made or done； sensitive and delicate 优美的，精巧的，敏锐的

fragment  n. a small broken piece 碎块，断片

galaxy  n. any of the large groups of stars which make up the universe 星系

gigantic  a. unusually large in amount or size 巨人似的，庞大的

gravitation  n. the act of drawing down 地心引力，吸引力

horizon  n. line at which earth and sky meet 地平线

illuminate v. give light to 照亮，照明

intricate  a. containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand  复杂的，难懂的

melancholy  n. sadness， esp. over a period of time and not for any particular reason 伤感，忧郁

mission  n. the duty or purpose for which a certain group of people are sent 使命，任务

momentous  a. extremely important 重大的，重要的

mothball  v. be in storage 　封存

obscure  a. hard to understand； not clear 　昏暗的，模糊不清的

observatory  n. a place from which scientists watch the stars and other heavenly bodies 天文台

opaque  a. lasting for ever or for a long time 永恒的，不断的

perspective  n. a view， esp. one stretching far into the distance 　前景，展望

plausible  a. seeming to be true or reasonable 似合理的

potential  a. existing in possibility 　潜在的，有可能性的

precision  n. great exactness 精确，精密

profound  a. having， showing or suing thorough knowledge and deep understanding 深刻的，渊博的

radiate  v. send out （light or heat）　发射，散发（光，热等）

redeem  v. make a mends for 修复

remarkable  a. unusual， noticeable 　非凡的，显著的

satellite  n. a heavenly body moving around a larger one （a planet） 卫星

scramble  v. move or clime quickly， esp. over a rough or steep surface 攀爬，攀登

sear  v. burn with a sudden powerful heat  烧焦，烧灼

shroud  v. cover and hide 覆盖，掩蔽

smudge  v. make or become dirty with a mark of rubbing 弄脏，涂污

spectacular  a. grandly out of the ordinary； attracting excited notice 壮观的，引人注意的

spew  v. come out in a rush or flood， gush 涌出，喷

startling  a. caused to jump or be quickly surprised 令人吃惊的

stun  v. cause to lose the senses or sense of balance 使晕眩unravel  v. make clear 阐明，澄清

vista  n. a distant view， to which the eye is directed between narrow limits， as by rows of trees 远景，深景

comet 　n. 慧星

multimegaton  n. 数百尤吨级

quasar  n. 类星体

ultraviolet  n. 紫外线

UNIT  38POLLUTION IS A DIRTY WORD

GLOSSARY

abandon  vt.  give up  放弃，废弃

absorb  v.  take or suck in  吸入

concentration  n.  bringing or coming together at one point  集中

consume  v.  eat or drink； use or use up  吃光，喝光；消费

consumption  n.  the act of consuming  消耗；消费

contaminate  vt.  make dirty， impure or diseased  弄脏，污染

convert  v.  change sth. from one form into another  使转化

crucial  a.  decisive； of deciding importance  决定性的，紧要关头的

dilemma  n.  a problem situation for which there is no desirable solution  困境

discard  v.  get rid of as useless  丢弃

disposable  a.  intended to be used once and then thrown away  一次性使用的

dispose  v.  get rid of  除掉

drastic  a.  strong， sudden and often violent or severe  激烈的，猛烈的

dump  v.  throw or drop in a heap or carelessly  倾倒

eliminate  vt.  remove； get rid of  除掉

exceptionally  a.  unusually  异常的

exhaust  v.  use up  耗尽

foresight  n.  ability to see into the future  预见力

hover  n.  remain in the air at one place  盘旋，翱翔

impurity  n.  foreign material which make sth. unfit for use； the state of not being pure  杂质

ingenious  a.  clever and skillful in doing or inventing sth.  灵巧的

intensify  v.  make stronger or more serious  使强化；加剧

invaluable  a.  too valuable for the worth to be measured  无价的

junkyard  n.  a place where old useless things are discarded  垃圾场

leftover  n.  remaining  剩余；残物

manufacture  v.  make or produce by machinery， esp. in large quantities  制造

orient  v.  give direction or guidance to  定…的位；调整

purify  v.  make pure  提纯；纯化

reusable  a.  that can be used again  可再利用的

sludge  n.  thick mud； the product of sewage treatment  淤泥，污泥

smokestack  n.  chimney used by factories to discharge smoke into the upper air  大烟囱

stack  n.  a pile of sth.， like lumber  堆，垃圾堆

stumble  vi.  trip and almost fall  绊一脚，绊跌

thereby  ad.  by that means； in that connection  由此，从而

unsightly  a.  displeasing to the eye  不顺眼的；难看的

vicious  a.  dangerous； cruel  险恶的

wear out   reduce to a useless state by use  磨损，用坏

compressor  n.  压缩机

diaper  n.  尿布

toaster  n.  烤面包器；烤面包电炉

toothpaste tube  牙膏管；牙膏皮

wrapper  n.  包装物